Speaker recognition toolkit
Project description
SPEAR is a speaker recognition toolkit based on Bob, designed to run speaker verification/recognition experiments . It’s originally based on facereclib tool: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/facereclib
SPEAR is designed in a way that it should be easily possible to execute experiments combining different mixtures of:
Speaker Recognition databases and their according protocols
Voice activity detection
Feature extraction
Recognition/Verification tools
In any case, results of these experiments will directly be comparable when the same dataset is employed.
SPEAR is adapted to run speaker verification/recognition experiments with the SGE grid infrastructure at Idiap.
If you use this package and/or its results, please cite the following publications:
The Spear paper published at ICASSP 2014:
@inproceedings{spear, author = {Khoury, E. and El Shafey, L. and Marcel, S.}, title = {Spear: An open source toolbox for speaker recognition based on {B}ob}, booktitle = {IEEE Intl. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)}, year = {2014}, url = {http://publications.idiap.ch/downloads/papers/2014/Khoury_ICASSP_2014.pdf}, }Bob as the core framework used to run the experiments:
@inproceedings{Anjos_ACMMM_2012, author = {A. Anjos and L. El Shafey and R. Wallace and M. G\"unther and C. McCool and S. Marcel}, title = {Bob: a free signal processing and machine learning toolbox for researchers}, year = {2012}, month = oct, booktitle = {20th ACM Conference on Multimedia Systems (ACMMM), Nara, Japan}, publisher = {ACM Press}, url = {http://publications.idiap.ch/downloads/papers/2012/Anjos_Bob_ACMMM12.pdf}, }
I- Installation
Just download this package and decompress it locally:
$ wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/b/bob.spear/bob.spear-1.1.2.zip $ unzip bob.spear-1.1.2.zip $ cd spear
spear is based on the BuildOut python linking system. You only need to use buildout to bootstrap and have a working environment ready for experiments:
$ python bootstrap $ ./bin/buildout
This also requires that bob (>= 1.2.0) is installed.
II- Running experiments
The above two commands will automatically download all desired packages (gridtk, xbob.sox and xbob.db.verification.filelist ) from pypi and generate some scripts in the bin directory, including the following scripts:
$ bin/spkverif_gmm.py $ bin/spkverif_isv.py $ bin/spkverif_jfa.py $ bin/spkverif_ivector.py $ bin/para_ubm_spkverif_isv.py $ bin/para_ubm_spkverif_ivector.py $ bin/para_ubm_spkverif_gmm.py $ bin/fusion_llr.py $ bin/evaluate.py $ bin/det.py
The first four toolchains are the basic toolchains for GMM, ISV, JFA and I-Vector. The next three toolchains are the parallel implementation of GMM, ISV, and I-Vector.
To use the 7 first (main) toolchains you have to specify at least four command line parameters (see also the --help option):
--database: The configuration file for the database
--preprocessing: The configuration file for Voice Activity Detection
--feature-extraction: The configuration file for feature extraction
--tool-chain: The configuration file for the speaker verification tool chain
If you are not at Idiap, please precise the TEMP and USER directories:
--temp-directory: This typically contains the features, the UBM model, the client models, etc.
--user-directory: This will contain the output scores (in text format)
If you want to run the experiments in the GRID at Idiap or any equivalent SGE, you can simply specify:
--grid: The configuration file for the grid setup.
For several datasets, feature types, recognition algorithms, and grid requirements the SPEAR provides these configuration files. They are located in the config/… directories. It is also safe to design one experiment and re-use one configuration file for all options as long as the configuration file includes all desired information:
The database: name, db, protocol; wav_input_dir, wav_input_ext;
The preprocessing: preprocessor = spkrec.preprocessing.<PREPROCESSOR>;
The feature extraction: extractor = spkrec.feature_extraction.<EXTRACTOR>;
The tool: tool = spkrec.tools.<TOOL>; plus configurations of the tool itself
Grid parameters: They help to configure which queues are used for each of the steps, how much files per job, etc.
If no grid configuration file is specified, the experiment is run sequentially on the local machine with a single core.
If you want to run on a local machine with multiple cores, you have to precise the grid type in your configuration file:
grid_type='local'
Then run your script with the new configuration file and excute the following command line after precising the number of parallel jobs to be used (e.g. 8):
$ bin/jman --local -vv run-scheduler --parallel 8
By default, the ZT score normalization is activated. To deactivate it, please add the -z to the command line.
III- Experiment design
To be very flexible, the tool chains in the SPEAR are designed in several stages including:
1. Preprocessing (Voice Activity Detection) 2 Feature Extraction 3. UBM Training and Projection (computation of sufficient statistics) 4. Subspace Training and Projection (for ISV, JFA and I-Vector modeling) 5. Conditioning and Compensation (for I-Vector modeling) 6. Client Model Enrollment 7. Scoring and score normalization
Note that not all tools implement all of the stages.
1. Voice Activity Detection
This step aims to filter out the non speech part. Depending on the configuration file, several routines can be enabled or disabled.
Energy-based VAD
4Hz Modulation energy based VAD
2. Feature Extraction
This step aims to extract features. Depending on the configuration file, several routines can be enabled or disabled.
3. Universal Background Model Training and Projection
This step aims at computing the universal background model referenced as Projector. The training includes both k-means and ML steps. In the parallel implementation, the E (Estimation) step is split to run on parallel processes. Then, the computation of sufficient statistics in SPEAR is referenced as the projection-ubm step. It aims at projecting the cepstral features using the previously trained Projector.
4. Subspace Training and Projection
This steps aims at estimating the subspaces needed by ISV, JFA and I-Vector. The I-Vector can also be parallelized similarly to the UBM. The projection here is referenced by either projection-isv, projection-jfa, or projection-ivector. Notice that the I-Vector projection process is the extraction of the i-vectors.
5. Conditioning and Compensation
This steps is used by the I-Vector toolchain. It includes Whitening, Length Normalization, LDA and WCCN projection.
6. Model Enrollment
Model enrollment defines the stage, where several (projected or compensated) features of one identity are used to enroll the model for that identity. In the easiest case, the features are simply averaged, and the average feature is used as a model.
7. Scoring
In the final scoring stage, the models are compared to probe features and a similarity score is computed for each pair of model and probe. Some of the models (the so-called T-Norm-Model) and some of the probe features (so-called Z-Norm-probe-features) are split up, so they can be used to normalize the scores later on.
In addition, there are independent scripts for fusion and evaluation.
8. Fusion
The fusion of scores from different systems is done using logistic regression that should be trained normally on the development scores.
9. Evaluation
One way to compute the final result is to use the bin/evaluate.py e.g., by calling:
$ bin/evaluate.py -d PATH/TO/USER/DIRECTORY/scores-dev -e PATH/TO/USER/DIRECTORY/scores-eval -c EER -D DET.pdf -x
This will compute the EER, the minCLLR, CLLR, and draw the DET curve. To better compare different systems using DET curves, a separate script can be used like in this example:
$ ./bin/det.py -s gmm-scores isv-scores ivector-scores -n GMM ISV i-vectors
IV- Command line options
Additionally to some of the required command line options discussed above, there are several options to modify the behavior of the SPEAR experiments. One set of command line options change the directory structure of the output:
--temp-directory: Base directory where to write temporary files into (the default is /idiap/temp/$USER/<DATABASE> when using the grid or /scratch/$USER/<DATABASE> when executing jobs locally)
--user-directory: Base directory where to write the results, default is /idiap/user/$USER/<DATABASE>
--sub-directory: sub-directory into <TEMP_DIR> and <USER_DIR> where the files generated by the experiment will be put
--score-sub-directory: name of the sub-directory in <USER_DIR>/<PROTOCOL> where the scores are put into
If you want to re-use parts previous experiments, you can specify the directories (which are relative to the <TEMP_DIR>, but you can also specify absolute paths), like, e.g.:
--features-directory
For that purpose, it is also useful to skip parts of the tool chain. To do that you can use, for e.g.:
--skip-preprocessing
--skip-feature-extraction
--skip-projection-training
--skip-projection-ubm
--skip-enroler-training
--skip-model-enrolment
--skip-score-computation
--skip-concatenation
Check the complete list using the help option. although by default files that already exist are not re-created. To enforce the re-creation of the files, you can use the --force option, which of course can be combined with the --skip...-options (in which case the skip is preferred).
There are some more command line options that can be specified:
--no-zt-norm: Disables the computation of the ZT-Norm scores.
--groups: Enabled to limit the computation to the development (‘dev’) or test (‘eval’) group. By default, both groups are evaluated.
V- Datasets
For the moment, there are 4 databases that are tested in SPEAR. Their protocols are also shipped with the tool.
In this README, we give examples of different toolchains applied on different databases: Voxforge, BANCA, TIMIT, MOBIO, and NIST SRE 2012.
1. Voxforge dataset
Voxforge is a free database used in free speech recognition engines. We randomly selected a small part of the english corpus (< 1GB). It is used as a toy example for our speaker recognition tool since experiment can be easily run on a local machine, and the results can be obtained in a reasonnable amount of time (< 2h).
Unlike TIMIT and BANCA, this dataset is completely free of charge.
More details about how to download the audio files used in our experiments, and how the data is split into Training, Development and Evaluation set can be found here:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xbob.db.voxforge
One example of command line is:
$ ./bin/spkverif_gmm.py -d config/database/voxforge.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/ubm_gmm/ubm_gmm_256G.py -b ubm_gmm -z \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR
In this example, we used the following configuration:
Energy-based VAD,
(19 MFCC features + Energy) + First and second derivatives,
UBM-GMM Modelling (with 256 Gaussians), the scoring is done using the linear approximation of the LLR.
The performance of the system on DEV and EVAL are:
DEV: EER = 2.00%
EVAL: HTER = 1.65%
Another example is to use ISV toolchain instead of UBM-GMM:
$ ./bin/spkverif_isv.py -d config/database/voxforge.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/isv/isv_256g_u50.py -z -b isv \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR
DEV: EER = 1.41%
EVAL: HTER = 1.56%
One can also try JFA toolchain:
$ ./bin/spkverif_jfa.py -d config/database/voxforge.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/jfa/jfa_256_v5_u10.py -z -b jfa \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR
DEV: EER = 5.65%
EVAL: HTER = 4.82%
or also IVector toolchain where Whitening, L-Norm, LDA, WCCN are used like in this example where the score computation is done using Cosine distance:
$ ./bin/spkverif_ivector.py -d config/database/voxforge.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/ivec/ivec_256g_t100_cosine.py -z -b ivector_cosine \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR
DEV: EER = 15.33%
EVAL: HTER = 15.78%
The scoring computation can also be done using PLDA:
$ ./bin/spkverif_ivector.py -d config/database/voxforge.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/ivec/ivec_256g_t100_plda.py -z -b ivector_plda \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR
DEV: EER = 15.33%
EVAL: HTER = 16.93%
Note that in the previous examples, our goal is not to optimize the parameters on the DEV set but to provide examples of use.
2. BANCA dataset
BANCA is a simple bimodal database with relatively clean data. The results are already very good with a simple baseline UBM-GMM system. An example of use can be:
$ bin/spkverif_gmm.py -d config/database/banca_audio_G.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/ubm_gmm/ubm_gmm_256G_regular_scoring.py \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR -z
The configuration in this example is similar to the previous one with the only difference of using the regular LLR instead of its linear approximation.
Here is the performance of this system:
DEV: EER = 1.66%
EVAL: EER = 0.69%
3. TIMIT dataset
TIMIT is one of the oldest databases (year 1993) used to evaluate speaker recognition systems. In the following example, the processing is done on the development set, and LFCC features are used:
$ ./bin/spkverif_gmm.py -d config/database/timit.py -p config/preprocessing/energy.py \ -f config/features/lfcc_60.py -t config/tools/ubm_gmm/ubm_gmm_256G.py \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR -b lfcc -z --groups dev
Here is the performance of the system on the Development set:
DEV: EER = 2.68%
4. MOBIO dataset
This is a more challenging database. The noise and the short duration of the segments make the task of speaker recognition relatively difficult. The following experiment on male group (Mobile-0) uses the 4Hz modulation energy based VAD, and the ISV (with dimU=50) modelling technique:
$ ./bin/spkverif_isv.py -d config/database/mobio/mobile0-male.py -p config/preprocessing/mod_4hz.py \ -f config/features/mfcc_60.py -t config/tools/isv/isv_u50.py \ --user-directory PATH/TO/USER/DIR --temp-directory PATH/TO/TEMP/DIR -z
Here is the performance of this system:
DEV: EER = 10.40%
EVAL: EER = 10.36%
To generate the results presented in the ICASSP 2014 paper, please check the script included in the icassp folder of the toolbox. Note that the MOBIO dataset has different protocols, and that are all implemented in xbob.db.mobio. But in this toolbox, we provide separately mobile-0 protocol (into filelist format) for simplicity.
5. NIST SRE 2012
We first invite you to read the paper describing our system submitted to the NIST SRE 2012 Evaluation. The protocols on the development set are the results of a joint work by the I4U group. To reproduce the results, please check this dedicated package:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/spear.nist_sre12
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