cryptos 1.36

# Pycryptotools, Python library for Crypto coins signatures and transactions

This is a fork of Vitalik Buterin's original [pybitcointools](https://github.com/vbuterin/pybitcointools) library.

Installation:

```bash
pip install cryptos
```

Library now supports making and pushing raw transactions for:

* Bitcoin mainnet
* Bitcoin testnet
* Bitcoin Cash mainnet (with replay protection)
* Bitcoin Cash testnet (with replay protection)
* Litecoin mainnet
* Litecoin testnet
* Dash mainnet
* Dash testnet
* Dogecoin mainnet

Transaction broadcast has been tested for all of these.

Segregrated Witness transactions also supported for:
* Bitcoin mainnet
* Bitcoin testnet
* Litecoin mainnet
* Litecoin testnet

Here are the first mainnet segwit transactions made with this library:

Bitcoin: https://blockchain.info/tx/9f3bd4fa14e424abd5623ba98877e33cfee3e7bd6f9f71d7a39e402501458c81

Litecoin: https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc/tx/b16ad0332ca3114f0dc773fda643c49e41308df4204940539bea5806cfee0989/
https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc/tx/3b936180daf05adcd7e9f04b60e1ba9a4a6db486c0ad91cb795b29ca46313000/

Aim is to provide a simple, class-based API which makes switching between different coins and mainnet and testnet, and adding new coins, all very easy.

Roadmap:
* Correct fee detection algorithm
* Bitcoin Gold support
* Wallet class for private keys, electrum mnemonic and addresses(read-only)
* Read the docs page
* E-commerce tools (exchange rates, short-time invoices)
* Easily gather unspents and broadcast transactions based on a mnemonic
* Desktop GUI for easy creation, signing and broadcasting of raw transactions
* Seed-based multi-crypto wallet

### Advantages:

* Methods have a simple interface, inputting and outputting in standard formats
* Classes for different coins with a common interface
* Many functions can be taken out and used individually
* Supports binary, hex and base58
* Transaction deserialization format almost compatible with BitcoinJS
* Electrum and BIP0032 support
* Make and publish a transaction all in a single command line instruction with full control
* Includes non-bitcoin-specific conversion and JSON utilities

### Disadvantages:

* Not a full node, has no idea what blocks are
* Relies on centralized explorers for blockchain operations

### Example usage - the long way (best way to learn :) ):

WARNING: While it's fun to mess around with this on the testnet, do not do the following procedure on the mainnet
unless you really know what you are doing. Any value in the inputs not included in the ouputs will be lost.
So if the total inputs value is 1 BTC, and the total outputs amount to 0.5 BTC, 0.5 BTC will be given to the
miners as a fee. The faster way, listed later in the README, ensures the difference between
inputs and outputs is sent as change back to the sender (except for a small fee).
If in doubt, before broadcasting a transaction, visit https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/decodetx/ and decode the raw tx
and make sure it looks right. If you aren't familiar with how Bitcoin transactions work, you should run through
this procedure a few times on the testnet before developing for mainnet - same if you aren't familiar with segwit.

OTHER WARNING: Default fees for Bitcoin mainnet are way too low throughout this library.
This can cause coins to be lost for a period of time until they are finally confirmed by a miner. Hopefully, some kind
of "correct fee" detection algorithm will be implemented soon but for now it is recommended to think about and set an
appropriate fee when making transactions. There are many different ways of making a transaction. Whichever method you
choose, make sure you understand how to set the correct fee.

> from cryptos import *
> c = Bitcoin(testnet=True)
> priv = sha256('a big long brainwallet password')
> priv
'89d8d898b95addf569b458fbbd25620e9c9b19c9f730d5d60102abbabcb72678'
> pub = c.privtopub(priv)
> pub
'041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f'
> addr = c.pubtoaddr(pub)
> addr
'mwJUQbdhamwemrsR17oy7z9upFh4JtNxm1'
> inputs = c.unspent(addr)
> inputs
[{'output': '3be10a0aaff108766371fd4f4efeabc5b848c61d4aac60db6001464879f07508:0', 'value': 180000000}, {'output': '51ce9804e1a4fd3067416eb5052b9930fed7fdd9857067b47d935d69f41faa38:0', 'value': 90000000}]
> outs = [{'value': 269845600, 'address': '2N8hwP1WmJrFF5QWABn38y63uYLhnJYJYTF'}, {'value': 100000, 'address': 'mrvHv6ggk5gFMatuJtBKAzktTU1N3MYdu2'}]
> tx = c.mktx(inputs,outs)
> tx
{'locktime': 0, 'version': 1, 'ins': [{'outpoint': {'hash': '3be10a0aaff108766371fd4f4efeabc5b848c61d4aac60db6001464879f07508', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 180000000, 'script': '483045022100fccd16f619c5f8b8198f5a00f557f6542afaae10b2992733963c5b9c4042544c022041521e7ab2f4b58856e8554c651664af92f6abd58328c41bc652aea460a9a6a30141041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f', 'sequence': 4294967295}, {'outpoint': {'hash': '51ce9804e1a4fd3067416eb5052b9930fed7fdd9857067b47d935d69f41faa38', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 90000000, 'script': '483045022100a9f056be75da4167c2cae9f037e04f6efd20caf97e05052406c127d72e7f236c02206638c10ad6975b44c26633e7c40547405dd4e6184fa3afd0ec98260369fadb0d0141041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f', 'sequence': 4294967295}], 'outs': [{'script': 'a914a9974100aeee974a20cda9a2f545704a0ab54fdc87', 'value': 269845600}, {'script': '76a9147d13547544ecc1f28eda0c0766ef4eb214de104588ac', 'value': 100000}]}
> tx2 = c.sign(tx,0,priv)
> tx2
{'locktime': 0, 'version': 1, 'ins': [{'outpoint': {'hash': '3be10a0aaff108766371fd4f4efeabc5b848c61d4aac60db6001464879f07508', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 180000000, 'script': '483045022100fccd16f619c5f8b8198f5a00f557f6542afaae10b2992733963c5b9c4042544c022041521e7ab2f4b58856e8554c651664af92f6abd58328c41bc652aea460a9a6a30141041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f', 'sequence': 4294967295}, {'outpoint': {'hash': '51ce9804e1a4fd3067416eb5052b9930fed7fdd9857067b47d935d69f41faa38', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 90000000, 'script': '483045022100a9f056be75da4167c2cae9f037e04f6efd20caf97e05052406c127d72e7f236c02206638c10ad6975b44c26633e7c40547405dd4e6184fa3afd0ec98260369fadb0d0141041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f', 'sequence': 4294967295}], 'outs': [{'script': 'a914a9974100aeee974a20cda9a2f545704a0ab54fdc87', 'value': 269845600}, {'script': '76a9147d13547544ecc1f28eda0c0766ef4eb214de104588ac', 'value': 100000}]}
> tx3 = c.sign(tx2,1,priv)
> tx3
{'locktime': 0, 'version': 1, 'ins': [{'outpoint': {'hash': '3be10a0aaff108766371fd4f4efeabc5b848c61d4aac60db6001464879f07508', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 180000000, 'script': '483045022100fccd16f619c5f8b8198f5a00f557f6542afaae10b2992733963c5b9c4042544c022041521e7ab2f4b58856e8554c651664af92f6abd58328c41bc652aea460a9a6a30141041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f', 'sequence': 4294967295}, {'outpoint': {'hash': '51ce9804e1a4fd3067416eb5052b9930fed7fdd9857067b47d935d69f41faa38', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 90000000, 'script': '483045022100a9f056be75da4167c2cae9f037e04f6efd20caf97e05052406c127d72e7f236c02206638c10ad6975b44c26633e7c40547405dd4e6184fa3afd0ec98260369fadb0d0141041f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc724ab2737afd66e4aacdc0e4f48550cd783c1a73edb3dbd0750e1bd0cb03764f', 'sequence': 4294967295}], 'outs': [{'script': 'a914a9974100aeee974a20cda9a2f545704a0ab54fdc87', 'value': 269845600}, {'script': '76a9147d13547544ecc1f28eda0c0766ef4eb214de104588ac', 'value': 100000}]}
> tx4 = c.serialize(tx)
> tx4
'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'
> c.pushtx(tx4)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'network': 'BTCTEST', 'txid': '00af7b794355aa4ea5851a792713934b524b820cf7f20e2a0e01ab61910b5299'}}

### Faster way

To send 12 DASH from addr belonging to privkey 89d8d898b95addf569b458fbbd25620e9c9b19c9f730d5d60102abbabcb72678
to address yd8Q7MwTDe9yJdeMx1YSSYS4wdxQ2HDqTg, with change returned to the sender address:

> from cryptos import *
> dash = Dash(testnet=True)
> dash.send("89d8d898b95addf569b458fbbd25620e9c9b19c9f730d5d60102abbabcb72678", "yd8Q7MwTDe9yJdeMx1YSSYS4wdxQ2HDqTg", 1200000000)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'txid': '6a510a129bf1e229e99c3eede516d3bde8bdccf859199937a98eaab2ce1cd7ab', 'network': 'DASHTEST'}}

Or if you prefer to verify the tx (for example, with Blockcypher) you can break it into two steps:

> from cryptos import *
> dash = Dash()
> tx = dash.preparesignedtx(priv, "Xhcmzs5wKECBiWwSEsTZu8wNonguH5poaz", 9800000-20000, fee=20000)
> tx
'010000000194f2f955627dfd549f213a70d65dcd5550c0b14a484d38b6ae47fe7a8896ca41000000008b483045022100b125b1f4848c145193f70b915b0074539d90fd74c2e75492169f06927acafa39022025a009711a354a7d84e19f234dfb5d20e155b64acad40941670e634c1100101a01410437b81f8f1376a87556380ad9f3a6b7f642754b3497ce42518f8dbd39bfedea24d897ae5d8d1dd41c04f55700ed6f3b7cee99df5aed74f98a54cbc576d75c0b9fffffffff01203b9500000000001976a9144c0404140e6ad8d04bdf625888bf6dfcc20fa12d88ac00000000'
>dash.pushtx(tx)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'txid': '0d889f6a268340c8fd30cdc6567eb588765e911fdd1fb0aac870dc3125ffde76', 'network': 'DASH'}}

Another example with Bitcoin Cash testnet:

> from cryptos import *
> crypto = BitcoinCash(testnet=True)
> tx = crypto.preparesignedtx("89d8d898b95addf569b458fbbd25620e9c9b19c9f730d5d60102abbabcb72678", "mgRoeWs2CeCEuqQmNfhJjnpX8YvtPACmCX", 967916800)
> tx
'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'
> crypto.pushtx(tx)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'txid': 'd8b130183824d0001d3bc669b31e798e2654868a7fda743aaf35d757d89db0eb', 'network': 'tbcc'}}

### Segregated Witness - the long way
The same warnings about fees as the long way for regular transactions listed above applies here.

To create a segwit transaction, generate a pay to witness script hash (P2WPKH)
address and mark all the Segwit UTXOs with segwit=True.

> from cryptos import *
> c = Litecoin(testnet=True)
> priv = sha256('a big long brainwallet password')
> priv
'89d8d898b95addf569b458fbbd25620e9c9b19c9f730d5d60102abbabcb72678'
> addr = c.privtop2w(priv)
> addr
'2Mtj1R5qSfGowwJkJf7CYufFVNk5BRyAYZh'
> inputs = c.unspent(addr)
> inputs
[{'output': '63189d6354b1e7d3a5a16076b0722f84b80b94d5f4958c3697191503cccbe88a:0', 'value': 100000000}]
> inputs[0]['segwit']=True
> inputs
[{'output': '63189d6354b1e7d3a5a16076b0722f84b80b94d5f4958c3697191503cccbe88a:0', 'value': 100000000, 'segwit': True}]
> outs = [{'value': 79956800, 'address': 'mxYcACPJWAMMkXu7S9SM8npicFWehpYCWx'}, {'value': 19989200, 'address': '2Mtj1R5qSfGowwJkJf7CYufFVNk5BRyAYZh'}]
> tx = c.mktx(inputs,outs)
> tx
{'locktime': 0, 'version': 1, 'ins': [{'script': '', 'sequence': 4294967295, 'outpoint': {'hash': '63189d6354b1e7d3a5a16076b0722f84b80b94d5f4958c3697191503cccbe88a', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 100000000, 'segwit': True}], 'outs': [{'script': '76a914baca2979689786ba311edcfc04d9ad95d393679488ac', 'value': 79956800}, {'script': 'a9141039471d8d44f3693cd34d1b9d69fd957799cf3087', 'value': 19989200}], 'marker': 0, 'flag': 1, 'witness': []}
> tx2 = c.sign(tx,0,priv)
> tx2
{'locktime': 0, 'version': 1, 'ins': [{'script': '160014804aff26594cc36c0ac89e95895ab9bdd0c540ef', 'sequence': 4294967295, 'outpoint': {'hash': '63189d6354b1e7d3a5a16076b0722f84b80b94d5f4958c3697191503cccbe88a', 'index': 0}, 'amount': 100000000, 'segwit': True}], 'outs': [{'script': '76a914baca2979689786ba311edcfc04d9ad95d393679488ac', 'value': 79956800}, {'script': 'a9141039471d8d44f3693cd34d1b9d69fd957799cf3087', 'value': 19989200}], 'marker': 0, 'flag': 1, 'witness': [{'number': 2, 'scriptCode': '47304402201632cb84a0aed4934df83fbc3cd2682f920eef37f76aa64d477702dd59633c900220198cfe15c28b26247c8e49974b4fda825ae16441112f13e754322964a9f24ec80121031f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc'}]}
> tx3 = serialize(tx)
> tx3
'010000000001018ae8cbcc03151997368c95f4d5940bb8842f72b07660a1a5d3e7b154639d18630000000017160014804aff26594cc36c0ac89e95895ab9bdd0c540efffffffff02400bc404000000001976a914baca2979689786ba311edcfc04d9ad95d393679488acd00231010000000017a9141039471d8d44f3693cd34d1b9d69fd957799cf30870247304402201632cb84a0aed4934df83fbc3cd2682f920eef37f76aa64d477702dd59633c900220198cfe15c28b26247c8e49974b4fda825ae16441112f13e754322964a9f24ec80121031f763d81010db8ba3026fef4ac3dc1ad7ccc2543148041c61a29e883ee4499dc00000000'
> c.pushtx(tx3)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'network': 'LTCTEST', 'txid': '51d5be05d0a35ef5a8ff5f43855ea59e8361874aff1039d6cf5d9a1f93ae1042'}}


It's also possible to mix segwit inputs with non-segwit inputs. Only one input needs to be marked as segwit
to create a segwit transaction.

### Segregated Witness - Faster Way:

Send 0.23486583 LTC to LPZd11JyAd6fJh5ZBMcmu6qczV14CZnz55 from segwit address 3P1bEPk5v4CUhvX9VqDuxqJGnTutt9czZb,
returning change to LchaMS51XFYmks3fJLAyuSeYSbiyByPLUD:

>from cryptos import *
>l = Litecoin()
l.send("<privkey>", "LNM9Hpc6EFd7SsKkPU6ATLJNdXSNPnNdqs", 23486583, fee=20000, change_addr="LchaMS51XFYmks3fJLAyuSeYSbiyByPLUD", segwit=True)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'network': 'LTC', 'txid': '3b936180daf05adcd7e9f04b60e1ba9a4a6db486c0ad91cb795b29ca46313000'}}

It's also possible to provide the send address in addition to the private key in which case segwit will be
auto-detected, so no need to know in advance if the address is segwit or not:

>from cryptos import *
>c = Bitcoin()
>c.send('<privkey>', '1CBFPfNotcVcWg26WdhfnoDDvZqzuBxKDb', 88036480, addr="3AGe5CkW5CKFAgKpQE82VSWkEjoxfDxMxQ")
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'network': 'LTC', 'txid': 'b16ad0332ca3114f0dc773fda643c49e41308df4204940539bea5806cfee0989'}}

### 2-of-3 MultiSig Transaction example:
> from cryptos import *
> coin = Bitcoin(testnet=True)
> publickeys = ['02e5c473c051dae31043c335266d0ef89c1daab2f34d885cc7706b267f3269c609', '0391ed6bf1e0842997938ea2706480a7085b8bb253268fd12ea83a68509602b6e0', '0415991434e628402bebcbaa3261864309d2c6fd10c850462b9ef0258832822d35aa26e62e629d2337e3716784ca6c727c73e9600436ded7417d957318dc7a41eb']
> script, address = coin.mk_multsig_address(publickeys, 2)
> script
'522102e5c473c051dae31043c335266d0ef89c1daab2f34d885cc7706b267f3269c609210391ed6bf1e0842997938ea2706480a7085b8bb253268fd12ea83a68509602b6e0410415991434e628402bebcbaa3261864309d2c6fd10c850462b9ef0258832822d35aa26e62e629d2337e3716784ca6c727c73e9600436ded7417d957318dc7a41eb53ae'
> address
'2ND6ptW19yaFEmBa5LtEDzjKc2rSsYyUvqA'
> tx = coin.preparetx(address, "myLktRdRh3dkK3gnShNj5tZsig6J1oaaJW", 1100000, 50000)
> for i in range(0, len(tx['ins'])):
sig1 = coin.multisign(tx, i, script, "cUdNKzomacP2631fa5Q4yHv2fADc8Ueymr5Z5NUSJjVM13igcVJk")
sig3 = coin.multisign(tx, i, script, "cMrziExc6iMV8vvAML8QX9hGDP8zNhcsKbdS9BqrRa1b4mhKvK6f")
tx = apply_multisignatures(tx, i, script, sig1, sig3)
> tx
'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'
> coin.pushtx(tx)
{'status': 'success', 'data': {'txid': 'b64e19311e3aa197063e03657679e2974e04c02c5b651c4e8d55f428490ab75f', 'network': 'BTCTEST'}}


### Supported coins

> from cryptos import *
> priv = sha256('a big long brainwallet password')
> b = Bitcoin()
> b.privtoaddr(priv)
'1GnX7YYimkWPzkPoHYqbJ4waxG6MN2cdSg'
> b = Bitcoin(testnet=True)
> b.privtoaddr(priv)
'mwJUQbdhamwemrsR17oy7z9upFh4JtNxm1'
> l = Litecoin()
> l.privtoaddr(priv)
'Lb1UNkrYrQkTFZ5xTgpta61MAUTdUq7iJ1'
> l = Litecoin(testnet=True)
> l.privtoaddr(priv)
'mwJUQbdhamwemrsR17oy7z9upFh4JtNxm1'
> c = BitcoinCash()
> c.privtoaddr(priv)
'1GnX7YYimkWPzkPoHYqbJ4waxG6MN2cdSg'
> c = BitcoinCash(testnet=True)
> c.privtoaddr(priv)
'mwJUQbdhamwemrsR17oy7z9upFh4JtNxm1'
> d = Dash()
> d.privtoaddr(priv)
'XrUMwoCcjTiz9gzP9S9p9bdNnbg3MvAB1F'
> d = Dash(testnet=True)
> d.privtoaddr(priv)
'yc6xxkH4B1P4VRuviHUDBd3j4tAQpy4fzn'
d = Doge()
d.privtoaddr(priv)
'DLvceoVN5AQgXkaQ28q9qq7BqPpefFRp4E'

### Load an Electrum words list wallet:
> import os
> from cryptos import *
> words = entropy_to_words(os.urandom(16))
> words
'float skirt road remind fire antique vendor select senior latin small glide'
> seed = mnemonic_to_seed(words)
> seed
b'\xb7Z\x9b\x9b\x9c\x1bq\x81\x1b\xdc\x98\x1c\xbc\xb8\xbb\x130\xea,\xda\x14\xeb\x9bF\xafu\x88\xc2\xf9\xfc\x7f\xd0\xb0?\x9d\xf3\xa7$0Tx\xd3\xb7\x82\x87U\xe7\xcc\xdd\x16\xddd\xbf'T\t_\xdc R!x\t'
> electrum_privkey(seed, 0)
'5a37812b3057e44636c6e07023e16a8669e12a4365dfabbcb376ed272081d522'
> electrum_privkey(seed, 300, 0)
'04cf414f200cd090239f2116d90608a74eae34ae21103ca9eef7bd9579e48bed'
> electrum_privkey(seed, 0, 1) #Change address
'9ca3631f813a6f81b70fbfc4384122bfe6fb159e6f7aea2811fe968c2a39d42a'

If an application only needs to receive coins and not spend, there is no need to have a copy of the words, seeds or
private keys on the server, as if the server is hacked, the coins will be stolen. Instead, store the master public key and
generate addresses based on that. The wallet words can be used to spend the coins on a separate cold storage machine.

> import os
> from cryptos import *
> words = entropy_to_words(os.urandom(16))
> words
'shield industry dose token network define slow under omit castle dinosaur afford'
> seed = mnemonic_to_seed(words)
> seed
b'\xe1\xa2R\xddV\xd1\xed\x84\xdd\x82d\xe7\xd6\xdcII\xa4\x7f([\xc4\xaem\x0c\x8a\xe8F\x1b6\xd6\xab\xda}\x02\xa4>\x03=\x83\xae&\x14\x908\xcdc\x10U\xf9\xe7.<r~Lu\xb4\xff\xe5\xd1\x8eXOU'
> master_public_key = electrum_mpk(seed)
> master_public_key
'9ea7e2f83bbf1c3ece4b120ddc3f142117c6c9d82d1b08ad0f54a91f3f0b938c587cb3edf7d54eba1eacc205b3890296fd58ec1b155021ac4d829a1288b24ce1'

# Safe to store the mpk on the web server and generate addresses on demand:
> from cryptos import *
> coin = Bitcoin()
> master_public_key = '9ea7e2f83bbf1c3ece4b120ddc3f142117c6c9d82d1b08ad0f54a91f3f0b938c587cb3edf7d54eba1eacc205b3890296fd58ec1b155021ac4d829a1288b24ce1'
> addr = coin.electrum_address(master_public_key, 0, 0)
> addr
'1GEHJopN3F5EgZozEbu6fyp4A6CQMAvyTZ'
> change_addr = coin.electrum_address(master_public_key, 0, 1)
> change_addr
'1AF6A7YD6fJnFUHX3mcmGeHs4MN9aFjp7X'

# Then to recover the coins on the cold storage machine:
> words = 'shield industry dose token network define slow under omit castle dinosaur afford'
> seed = mnemonic_to_seed(words)
> priv = electrum_privkey(seed, 0, 0)
> priv
'1120fb42302e05fbbdd55fefb7bc3ae075ce77ae9328672ee46b1f4af1d68189'
> change_priv = electrum_privkey(seed, 0, 1)
> change_priv
'29a6f2d3de33f79bb6e39753ce2a366ff7e6034f62c2809cfe501f3bb2580fe5'
> assert privtoaddr(priv) == '1GEHJopN3F5EgZozEbu6fyp4A6CQMAvyTZ'
> assert privtoaddr(change_priv) == '1AF6A7YD6fJnFUHX3mcmGeHs4MN9aFjp7X'


### The cryptotool command line interface:

cryptotool random_electrum_seed
484ccb566edb66c65dd0fd2e4d90ef65

cryptotool electrum_privkey 484ccb566edb66c65dd0fd2e4d90ef65 0 0
593240c2205e7b7b5d7c13393b7c9553497854b75c7470b76aeca50cd4a894d7

cryptotool electrum_mpk 484ccb566edb66c65dd0fd2e4d90ef65
484e42865b8e9a6ea8262fd1cde666b557393258ed598d842e563ad9e5e6c70a97e387eefdef123c1b8b4eb21fe210c6216ad7cc1e4186fbbba70f0e2c062c25

cryptotool bip32_master_key 21456t243rhgtucyadh3wgyrcubw3grydfbng
xprv9s21ZrQH143K2napkeoHT48gWmoJa89KCQj4nqLfdGybyWHP9Z8jvCGzuEDv4ihCyoed7RFPNbc9NxoSF7cAvH9AaNSvepUaeqbSpJZ4rbT

cryptotool bip32_ckd xprv9s21ZrQH143K2napkeoHT48gWmoJa89KCQj4nqLfdGybyWHP9Z8jvCGzuEDv4ihCyoed7RFPNbc9NxoSF7cAvH9AaNSvepUaeqbSpJZ4rbT 0
xprv9vfzYrpwo7QHFdtrcvsSCTrBESFPUf1g7NRvayy1QkEfUekpDKLfqvHjgypF5w3nAvnwPjtQUNkyywWNkLbiUS95khfHCzJXFkLEdwRepbw

cryptotool bip32_privtopub xprv9s21ZrQH143K2napkeoHT48gWmoJa89KCQj4nqLfdGybyWHP9Z8jvCGzuEDv4ihCyoed7RFPNbc9NxoSF7cAvH9AaNSvepUaeqbSpJZ4rbT
xpub661MyMwAqRbcFGfHrgLHpC5R4odnyasAZdefbDkHBcWarJcXh6SzTzbUkWuhnP142ZFdKdAJSuTSaiGDYjvm7bCLmA8DZqksYjJbYmcgrYF

The -s option lets you read arguments from the command line

cryptotool sha256 'some big long brainwallet password' | pybtctool -s privtoaddr | pybtctool -s history
[{'output': u'97f7c7d8ac85e40c255f8a763b6cd9a68f3a94d2e93e8bfa08f977b92e55465e:0', 'value': 50000, 'address': u'1CQLd3bhw4EzaURHbKCwM5YZbUQfA4ReY6'}, {'output': u'4cc806bb04f730c445c60b3e0f4f44b54769a1c196ca37d8d4002135e4abd171:1', 'value': 50000, 'address': u'1CQLd3bhw4EzaURHbKCwM5YZbUQfA4ReY6'}]
cryptotool random_electrum_seed | pybtctool -s electrum_privkey 0 0
593240c2205e7b7b5d7c13393b7c9553497854b75c7470b76aeca50cd4a894d7

The -b option lets you read binary data as an argument

cryptotool sha256 123 | pybtctool -s changebase 16 256 | pybtctool -b changebase 256 16
a665a45920422f9d417e4867efdc4fb8a04a1f3fff1fa07e998e86f7f7a27ae30a

The -j option lets you read json from the command line (-J to split a json list into multiple arguments)

cryptotool unspent 1FxkfJQLJTXpW6QmxGT6oF43ZH959ns8Cq | pybtctool -j select 200000001 | pybtctool -j mksend 1EXoDusjGwvnjZUyKkxZ4UHEf77z6A5S4P:20000 1FxkfJQLJTXpW6QmxGT6oF43ZH959ns8Cq 1000 | pybtctool -s signall 805cd74ca322633372b9bfb857f3be41db0b8de43a3c44353b238c0acff9d523
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

Fun stuff with json:

cryptotool unspent 1EXoDusjGwvnjZUyKkxZ4UHEf77z6A5S4P | pybtctool -j multiaccess value | pybtctool -j sum
625216206372

cryptotool unspent 1EXoDusjGwvnjZUyKkxZ4UHEf77z6A5S4P | pybtctool -j count
6198

To use the testnet you can add --testnet:

cryptotool unspent 2N8hwP1WmJrFF5QWABn38y63uYLhnJYJYTF --testnet
[{"output": "209e5caf8997a3caed4dce0399804ad7fa50c70f866bb7118a42c79de1b76efc:1", "value": 120000000}, {"output": "79f38b3e730eea0e44b5a2e645f0979
2d9f8732a823079ba4778110657cbe7b2:0", "value": 100000000}, {"output": "99d88509d5f0e298bdb6883161c64c7f54444519ce28a0ef3d5942ff4ff7a924:0", "value
": 82211600}, {"output": "80acca12cf4b3b562b583f1dc7e43fff936e432a7ed4b16ac3cd10024820d027:0", "value": 192470000}, {"output": "3e5a3fa342c767d524b653aec51f3efe2122644c57340fbf5f79c75d1911ad35:0", "value": 10000000}]

Or the --coin option to use a coin other than bitcoin (bch, btc, dash, doge or ltc)

cryptotool unspent LV3VLesnCi3p3zf26Y86kH2FZxfQq2RjrA --coin ltc
[{"output": "42bfe7376410696e260b2198f484f5df4aa6c744465940f9922ac9f8589670a4:0", "value": 14282660}]

cryptotool unspent myLktRdRh3dkK3gnShNj5tZsig6J1oaaJW --coin ltc --testnet
[{"output": "68f9c662503715a3baf29fe4b07c056b0bf6654dbdd9d5393f4d6a18225d0ff3:0", "value": 16333531}, {"output": "aa40041a1fcdb952d6a38594a27529f890d17d715fd54b6914cd6709fa94ca67:0", "value": 100000000}, {"output": "3b72bae956d27ab0ad309808ab76beaf203109f423e533fd7c40f1201672f598:1", "value": 164712303}]

Make and broadcast a transaction on the Bitcoin Cash testnet:

cryptotool send 89d8d898b95addf569b458fbbd25620e9c9b19c9f730d5d60102abbabcb72678 mgRoeWs2CeCEuqQmNfhJjnpX8YvtPACmCX 999950000 --fee 50000 --coin bch --testnet
{"status": "success", "data": {"txid": "caae4c059ac07827047237560ff44f97c940600f8f0a1e3392f4bcaf91e38c5c", "network": "tbcc"}}

The arguments are the private key of the sender, the receiver's address and the fee (default 10000). Change will be returned to the sender.

### Listing of main coin-specific methods:

* privtopub : (privkey) -> pubkey
* pubtoaddr : (pubkey) -> address
* privtoaddr : (privkey) -> address
* sign : (txobj, i, privkey) -> create digital signature of tx with privkey and add to input i
* signall : (txobj, privkey) -> create digital signature of tx with privkey for all inputs
* history : (address) -> tx history and balance of an address
* unspent : (address) -> unspent outputs for an addresses
* pushtx : (hex or bin tx) -> push a transaction to the blockchain
* fetchtx : (txhash) -> fetch a tx from the blockchain
* txinputs : (txhash) -> fetch inputs from a previous transaction in a format to be re-used as unspents
* send : (privkey, to, value, fee=10000, change_addr=None, segwit=False, addr=None) -> create and a push a simple transaction to send coins to an address and return change to the change address or sender
* sendmultitx : (privkey, to:value pairs, fee=10000, change_addr=None, segwit=False, addr=None) -> create and a push a transaction to send coins to multiple addresses and return change to the change address or sender
* preparetx : (frm, to, value, fee, change_addr=None, segwit=False): -> create unsigned txobj with change output
* preparemultitx : (frm, to:value pairs, fee, change_addr=None, segwit=False): -> create unsigned txobj with multiple outputs and additional change output
* preparesignedtx : (privkey, to, value, fee=10000, change_addr=None, segwit=False, addr=None) -> create signed txobj with change output
* preparesignedmultitx : (privkey, *args, change_addr=None, segwit=False, addr=None) -> create signed txobj with multiple outputs and additional change output
* mktx : (inputs, outputs) -> create unsigned txobj
* mksend : (inputs, outputs, change_addr, fee, segwit) -> create unsigned txobj
* mk_multisig_address : (pubkeys, M) -> Returns both M-of-N multsig script and address pubkeys
* pubtop2w : (pub) -> pay to witness script hash (segwit address)
* privtop2w : (priv) -> pay to witness script hash (segwit address)
* is_address : (addr) -> true if addr is a valid address for this network
* is_p2sh : (addr) -> true if addr is a pay to script hash for this network
* is_segwit : (priv, addr) -> true if priv-addr pair represent a pay to witness script hash
* current_block_height : () -> Latest block height
* block_height : (txhash) -> Block height containing the txhash
* inspect : (tx_hex) -> Deserialize a transaction and decode and ins and outs
* merkle_prove : (txhash) -> Proves a transaction is valid and returns txhash, merkle siblings and block header.

### Listing of main non-coin specific commands:

* add : (key1, key2) -> key1 + key2 (works on privkeys or pubkeys)
* multiply : (pubkey, privkey) -> returns pubkey * privkey

* ecdsa_sign : (message, privkey) -> sig
* ecdsa_verify : (message, sig, pubkey) -> True/False
* ecdsa_recover : (message, sig) -> pubkey

* random_key : () -> privkey
* random_electrum_seed : () -> electrum seed

* electrum_stretch : (seed) -> secret exponent
* electrum_privkey : (seed or secret exponent, i, type) -> privkey
* electrum_mpk : (seed or secret exponent) -> master public key
* electrum_pubkey : (seed or secexp or mpk) -> pubkey

* bip32_master_key : (seed) -> bip32 master key
* bip32_ckd : (private or public bip32 key, i) -> child key
* bip32_privtopub : (private bip32 key) -> public bip32 key
* bip32_extract_key : (private or public bip32_key) -> privkey or pubkey

* deserialize : (hex or bin transaction) -> JSON tx
* serialize : (JSON tx) -> hex or bin tx
* multisign : (txobj, i, script, privkey) -> signature
* apply_multisignatures: (txobj, i, script, sigs) -> tx with index i signed with sigs
* scriptaddr : (script) -> P2SH address
* mk_multisig_script : (pubkeys, M) -> M-of-N multisig script from pubkeys
* verify_tx_input : (tx, i, script, sig, pub) -> True/False
* tx_hash : (hex or bin tx) -> hash

* access : (json list/object, prop) -> desired property of that json object
* multiaccess : (json list, prop) -> like access, but mapped across each list element
* slice : (json list, start, end) -> given slice of the list
* count : (json list) -> number of elements
* sum : (json list) -> sum of all values

* select : (unspent, value) -> returns list of unspents which are enough to cover the value

### Another reminder and useful links
Another reminder, if you are doing something new with the library, whether a regular transaction, multisig,
segwit or a coin you haven't worked with before, try it out in testnet first or alternatively with small amounts
on the mainnet. The original pybitcointools had issues opened in Github where people lost money either due to
not understanding what they were doing or because of bugs.

Here are some links to testnet faucets:

https://testnet.manu.backend.hamburg/faucet

https://testnet.manu.backend.hamburg/bitcoin-cash-faucet

http://test.faucet.masternode.io/

https://faucet.thonguyen.net/ltc

http://testnet.litecointools.com/

Anyone know a working Dogecoin testnet faucet, or willing to send testnet coins to address
nmfnMVSjfyfiv37HtbphRbLgMPUHQE7QdP so I can test? (Dogecoin mainnet is tested).