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A very micro http framework.

Project description

nanohttp
========

.. image:: http://img.shields.io/pypi/v/nanohttp.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/nanohttp

.. image:: https://requires.io/github/pylover/nanohttp/requirements.svg?branch=master
:target: https://requires.io/github/pylover/nanohttp/requirements/?branch=master
:alt: Requirements Status

.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/pylover/nanohttp.svg?branch=master
:target: https://travis-ci.org/pylover/nanohttp

.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/pylover/nanohttp/badge.svg?branch=master
:target: https://coveralls.io/github/pylover/nanohttp?branch=master

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/pylover/nanohttp.svg
:target: https://gitter.im/pylover/nanohttp

A very micro HTTP framework.

Features
--------

- Very simple, less-code & fast
- Using object dispatcher instead of regex route dispatcher.
- Url-Encoded, Multipart and JSON form parsing.
- No ``request`` and or ``response`` objects is available, everything is combined in ``nanohttp.context``.
- A very flexible configuration system: `pymlconf <https://github.com/pylover/pymlconf>`_
- Dispatching arguments using the `obj.__annonations__ <https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html>`_
- Method(verb) dispatcher.

Roadmap
-------

The road map is to keep it simple with 100% code coverage. no built-in template engine and or ORM will be included.


Install
-------

PyPI
^^^^

.. code-block:: bash

$ pip install nanohttp


From Source
^^^^^^^^^^^

.. code-block:: bash

$ cd path/to/nanohttp
$ pip install -e .


Quick Start
-----------

``demo.py``

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import Controller, RestController, context, html, json, HttpFound


class TipsControllers(RestController):
@json
def get(self, tip_id: int = None):
if tip_id is None:
return [dict(id=i, title="Tip %s" % i) for i in range(1, 4)]
else:
return dict(
id=tip_id,
title="Tip %s" % tip_id
)

@json
def post(self, tip_id: int = None):
tip_title = context.form.get('title')
print(tip_id, tip_title)

# Updating the tips title
# TipStore.get(tip_id).update(tip_title)
raise HttpFound('/tips/')


class Root(Controller):
tips = TipsControllers()

@html
def index(self):
yield """
<html><head><title>nanohttp Demo</title></head><body>
<form method="POST" action="/tips/2">
<input type="text" name="title" />
<input type="submit" value="Update" />
</form>
</body></html>
"""


.. code-block:: bash

$ nanohttp demo

Or

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import quickstart

quickstart(Root())


WSGI
----

Do you need a ``WSGI`` application?

``wsgi.py``

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import configure, Application

configure(init_value='<yaml config string>', files=['path/to/config.file', '...'], dirs=['path/to/config/directory', '...'])
app = Application(root=Root())
# Pass the ``app`` to any ``WSGI`` server you want.


Serve it by gunicorn:

.. code-block:: bash

gunicorn --reload wsgi:app


Config File
-----------

Create a ``demo.yml`` file. The file below is same as the default configuration.

.. code-block:: yml

debug: true

domain:

cookie:
http_only: false
secure: false


You may use ``nanohttp.settings`` anywhere to access the config values.

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import Controller, html, settings

class Root(Controller):

@html
def index(self):
yield '<html><head><title>nanohttp demo</title></head><body>'
yield '<h2>debug flag is: %s</h2>' % settings.debug
yield '</body></html>'

Passing the config file(s) using command line:

.. code-block:: bash

$ nanohttp -c demo.yml [-c another.yml] demo


Passing the config file(s) Using python:

.. code-block:: bash

from nanohttp import quickstart

quickstart(Root(), config='<YAML config string>')


Command Line Interface
----------------------

.. code-block:: bash

$ nanohttp -h

usage: nanohttp [-h] [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-d CONFIG_DIRECTORY] [-b {HOST:}PORT]
[-C DIRECTORY] [-V]
[{MODULE{.py}}{:CLASS}]

positional arguments:
{MODULE{.py}}{:CLASS}
The python module and controller class to launch.
default is python built-in's : `demo_app`, And the
default value for `:CLASS` is `:Root` if omitted.

optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c CONFIG_FILE, --config-file CONFIG_FILE
This option may be passed multiple times.
-d CONFIG_DIRECTORY, --config-directory CONFIG_DIRECTORY
This option may be passed multiple times.
-b {HOST:}PORT, --bind {HOST:}PORT
Bind Address. default: 8080
-C DIRECTORY, --directory DIRECTORY
Change to this path before starting the server default
is: `.`
-V, --version Show the version.


Cookies
-------

Accessing the request cookies:


.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import context

counter = context.cookies.get('counter')

Setting cookie:

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import context

context.cookies['dummy-cookie1'] = 'dummy-value'
context.cookies['dummy-cookie1']['http_only'] = True

For more information on how to use cookies, please check the python builtin's `http.cookies<https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.cookies.html>`_.


Trailing slashes
----------------

If the ``Controller.__remove_trailing_slash__`` is ``True``, then all trailing slashes are ignored.

.. code-block:: python

def test_trailing_slash(self):
self.assert_get('/users/10/jobs/', expected_response='User: 10\nAttr: jobs\n')

Decorators
----------

Available decorators are: ``action``, ``html``, ``text``, ``json``, ``xml``, ``binary``

Those decorators are useful to encapsulate response preparation such as setting ``Content-Type`` HTTP header.

Take a look at the code of the ``action`` decorator, all other decorators are derived from this:


.. code-block:: python

def action(*verbs, encoding='utf-8', content_type=None, inner_decorator=None):
def _decorator(func):

if inner_decorator is not None:
func = inner_decorator(func)

func.__http_methods__ = verbs if verbs else 'any'

func.__response_encoding__ = encoding

if content_type:
func.__content_type__ = content_type

return func

if verbs and callable(verbs[0]):
f = verbs[0]
verbs = tuple()
return _decorator(f)
else:
return _decorator

Other decorators are defined using ``functools.partial``:

.. code-block:: python

html = functools.partial(action, content_type='text/html')
text = functools.partial(action, content_type='text/plain')
json = functools.partial(action, content_type='application/json', inner_decorator=jsonify)
xml = functools.partial(action, content_type='application/xml')
binary = functools.partial(action, content_type='application/octet-stream', encoding=None)

Of-course, you can set the response content type using:

.. code-block:: python

context.response_content_type = 'application/pdf'

Of-course, you can define your very own decorator to make your code DRY:

.. code-block:: python

import functools
from nanohttp import action, RestController

pdf = functools.partial(action, content_type='application/pdf')

class MyController(RestController)

@pdf
def get(index):
.......


Serving Static file(s)
----------------------

The ``nanohttp.Static`` class is responsible to serve static files:

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import Controller, Static

class Root(Controller):
static = Static('path/to/static/directory', default_document='index.html')

Then you can access static files on ``/static/filename.ext``

A simple way to run server and only serve static files is:

.. code-block:: bash

cd path/to/static/directory
nanohttp :Static


Accessing request payload
-------------------------

The `context.form` is a dictionary representing the request payload, supported request formats are ``query-string``,
``multipart/form-data``, ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded`` and ``json``.

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import context, RestController

class TipsControllers(RestController):

@json
def post(self, tip_id: int = None):
tip_title = context.form.get('title')


Dispatcher
----------

The requested path will be split-ed by ``/`` and python's ``getattr`` will be used on the ``Root`` controller
recursively to find specific callable to handle request.

.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import RestController

class Nested(RestController):
pass

class Root()
children = Nested()

Then you can access methods on nested controller using: ``http://host:port/children``

On the ``RestController`` dispatcher tries to dispatch request using HTTP method(verb) at first.


Context
-------

The ``context`` object is a proxy to an instance of ``nanohttp.Context`` which is ``unique per request``.

.. TODO: ADD link to documentation

Hooks
-----

A few hooks are available in ``Controller`` class: ``begin_request``, ``begin_response``,
``end_response``.

For example this how I detect JWT token and refresh it if possible:


.. code-block:: python

from nanohttp import Application, Controller, context

class JwtApplication(Application):
token_key = 'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'
refresh_token_cookie_key = 'refresh-token'

def begin_request(self):
if self.token_key in context.environ:
encoded_token = context.environ[self.token_key]
try:
context.identity = JwtPrincipal.decode(encoded_token)
except itsdangerous.SignatureExpired as ex:
refresh_token_encoded = context.cookies.get(self.refresh_token_cookie_key)
if refresh_token_encoded:
# Extracting session_id
session_id = ex.payload.get('sessionId')
if session_id:
context.identity = new_token = self.refresh_jwt_token(refresh_token_encoded, session_id)
if new_token:
context.response_headers.add_header('X-New-JWT-Token', new_token.encode().decode())

except itsdangerous.BadData:
pass

if not hasattr(context, 'identity'):
context.identity = None

Rendering templates
-------------------

This is how to use mako template engine with the nanohttp:


main.py


.. code-block:: python

import functools
from os.path import dirname, abspath, join

from mako.lookup import TemplateLookup

from nanohttp import Controller, context, Static, settings, action


here = abspath(dirname(__file__))
lookup = TemplateLookup(directories=[join(here, 'templates')])


def render_template(func, template_name):

@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):

result = func(*args, **kwargs)
if hasattr(result, 'to_dict'):
result = result.to_dict()
elif not isinstance(result, dict):
raise ValueError('The result must be an instance of dict, not: %s' % type(result))

template_ = lookup.get_template(template_name)
return template_.render(**result)

return wrapper


template = functools.partial(action, content_type='text/html', inner_decorator=render_template)


class Root(Controller):
static = Static(here)

@template('index.mak')
def index(self):
return dict(
settings=settings,
environ=context.environ
)



templates/index.html

.. code-block:: html

<html>
<head>
<title>nanohttp mako example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>WSGI environ</h1>
<ul>
%for key, value in environ.items():
<li><b>${key}:</b> ${value}</li>
%endfor
</ul>
</body>
</html>

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