Dependency injection microframework for Python

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License: BSD License (BSD New)

Author: ETS Labs

Maintainer: Roman Mogilatov

Tags Dependency injection, DI, Inversion of Control, IoC, Factory, Singleton, Design patterns, Flask

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Project description

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What is Dependency Injector?

Dependency Injector is a dependency injection framework for Python.

It provides you with the container and the providers that help you build your application objects:

from dependency_injector import containers, providers


class ApiClient:

    def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.timeout = timeout


class Service:

    def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
        self.api_client = api_client


class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):

    config = providers.Configuration()

    api_client = providers.Singleton(
        ApiClient,
        api_key=config.api_key,
        timeout=config.timeout,
    )

    service = providers.Factory(
        Service,
        api_client=api_client,
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    container = Container()
    container.config.from_yaml('config.yml')

    service = container.service()

    assert isinstance(service.api_client, ApiClient)

More examples

Installation

The package is available on the PyPi:

pip install dependency-injector

Documentation

The documentation is available on the Read The Docs

Tutorials

Choose one of the following:

Concept

Dependency Injector stands on two principles:

  • Explicit is better than implicit (PEP20).

  • Do no magic to your code.

How does it different from the other frameworks?

  • No autowiring. The framework does NOT do any autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies. You need to specify everything explicitly. Because “Explicit is better than implicit” (PEP20).

  • Does not pollute your code. Your application does NOT know and does NOT depend on the framework. No @inject decorators, annotations, patching or any other magic tricks.

Dependency Injector makes a simple contract with you:

  • You tell the framework how to build you code

  • The framework does it for you

The power of the Dependency Injector is in its simplicity and straightforwardness. It is a simple tool for the powerful concept.

Frequently asked questions

What is the dependency injection?

  • dependency injection is a principle that decreases coupling and increases cohesion

Why should I do the dependency injection?

  • your code becomes more flexible, testable and clear

  • you have no problems when you need to understand how it works or change it 😎

How do I start doing the dependency injection?

  • you start writing the code following the dependency injection principle

  • you register all of your application components and their dependencies in the container

  • when you need a component, you get it from the container

Why do I need a framework for this?

  • you need the framework for this to not create it by your own

  • this framework gives you the container and the providers

  • the container is like a dictionary with the batteries 🔋

  • the providers manage the lifetime of your components, you will need factories, singletons, smart config object etc

What price do I pay and what do I get?

  • you need to explicitly specify the dependencies in the container

  • it will be extra work in the beginning

  • it will payoff when project grows or in two weeks 😊 (when you forget what project was about)

What features does the framework have?

  • building objects graph

  • smart configuration object

  • providers: factory, singleton, thread locals registers, etc

  • positional and keyword context injections

  • overriding of the objects in any part of the graph

What features the framework does NOT have?

  • autowiring / autoresolving of the dependencies

  • the annotations and @inject-like decorators

Have a question?
Found a bug?
Want to help?

  • ⭐️ Star the Dependency Injector on the Github

  • 🆕 Start a new project with the Dependency Injector

  • 💬 Tell your friend about the Dependency Injector

Want to contribute?

  • 🔀 Fork the project

  • ⬅️ Open a pull request to the develop branch

Project details

Verified details

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Meta

License: BSD License (BSD New)

Author: ETS Labs

Maintainer: Roman Mogilatov

Tags Dependency injection, DI, Inversion of Control, IoC, Factory, Singleton, Design patterns, Flask

Classifiers

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